- 1أنظر/ي: Schaar, S. (2015) Eqbal Ahmad: critical outsider in a turbulent age. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 118; Ahmed-Fararjeh, H. and Abu-Lughod, I. (2003) Ibrahim Abu-Lughod: Resistance, exile and return. Birzeit, Palestine: Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies, pp. 99, 106; Khan, S. (2018) ‘Transnational alliances: the AAUG’s advocacy for Palestine and the Third World’. Arab Studies Quarterly, 40(1): 53-72, pp.54, 56-57.
- 2أنظر/ي: Khalidi, R. (2020) The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: a history of settler colonialism and resistance, 1917–2017. New York: Metropolitan Books, pp. 114-119; Neff, D. (1998) Battle of Karameh establishes claim of Palestinian statehood. Washington, DC: Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, p. 87.
- 3أنظر/ي: Ahmad, E., Paul, J. and Stork, J. (1983)‘Yasser Arafat’s nightmare’. MERIP Reports (Nov–Dec no. 119), p. 22; Ahmed-Fararjeh and Abu-Lughod (2003), op. cit., p. 107; Schaar (2005), op. cit., p. 118.
- 4أنظر/ي: Ahmad, E. (2006) ‘PLO and ANC: painful contrasts’, in C. Bengelsdorf, M. Cerullo, and Y. Chandrani (Eds.), The Selected Writings of Eqbal Ahmad. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 78; Sayegh, F. (n.d.) The Palestinian Resistance Movement. Fayez A. Sayegh Collection, J. Willard Marriott Library’s Middle East Library, University of Utah, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6bp01wk, p. 6.Schaar (2015), op. cit., pp. 29, 34-37.
- 5أنظر/ي: Schaar (2015), op. cit., pp. 29, 34-37.
- 6أنظر/ي: Schaar (2015), op. cit., pp. 42, 47-48; Barsamian, D. (1993)‘Tribute and interview: Eqbal Ahmad’. Massachusetts Review, 41(4): 452-454.
- 7أنظر/ي: Schaar (2015), op. cit., pp. 12-21.
- 8أنظر/ي: Sayegh, F. (1965) Zionist Colonialism in Palestine. Beirut: Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, pp. 1, 3; Herzl, T. (1917) A Jewish State: an attempt at a modern solution of the Jewish question. New York: Federation of American Zionists, p. 12; Fortinsky, S. (2023) ‘Israel’s president defends ongoing war: “If it weren’t for us, Europe would be next”’, The Hill, 5 December. https://thehill.com/policy/international/4343274-israels-president-defends-ongoing-war-if-it-werent-for-us-europe-would-be-next/; ‘Oral evidence presented at public meeting, Jerusalem, 8 July 1947’, United Nations Special Committee On Palestine, Volume III, Annex A (Official Records of the Second Session of the General Assembly, Supplement No. 11), https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-183165/
- 9أنظر/ي: Sayegh, F. (1965), op.cit., pp. V, 2, 22, 24, 27; Human Rights Watch (2021) A Threshold Crossed: Israeli authorities and the crimes of apartheid and persecution. New York: Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution; Amnesty International (2022) Israel’s Apartheid Against Palestinians: a look into decades of oppression and domination. London: Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid
- 10أنظر/ي: Ahmad, E. (1984) ‘“Pioneering”’ in the nuclear age: an essay on Israel and the Palestinians’. Race & Class, 25(4): 5-6.
- 11أنظر/ي: Fisher, M. (2021) ‘Israel grows less reliant on US aid’, New York Times, 25 May, p. A1; al-Jazeera (2024)‘Yemen’s Houthis say 17 rebels killed in US-led attacks’, 10 February. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/10/yemens-houthis-say-17-rebels-killed-in-us-led-attacks; Borger, J. (2024) ‘US vetoes Arab-backed UN resolution demanding ceasefire in Gaza’, The Guardian, 20 February. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/20/us-vetoes-un-resolution-ceasefire-israel-gaza
- 12أنظر/ي: Nuseibah, M. (2013)‘Decades of displacing Palestinians: how Israel does it’, al-Shabaka, 18 June. https://al-shabaka.org/briefs/decades-displacing-palestinians-how-israel-does-it/; Human Rights Watch (2023) ‘Israel: starvation used as weapon of war in Gaza’, 18 December. https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/18/israel-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza; The Cradle (2023) ‘Leaked: Israeli plan to ethnically cleanse Gaza’, 29 October. https://thecradle.co/articles-id/11290; Palestinian Human Rights Organizations Council et al. (2023) Joint Urgent Appeal: Parallel to its Aggression on Gaza, Israel Escalates its Oppression of Palestinians in Every Part of Historic Palestine. 2 November. https://www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/2023/11/03/231102-joint-urgent-appeal-parallel-to-its-aggression-on-gaza-israel-escalates-its-oppression-of-palestinians-in-every-part-of-historic-palestine-1699003276.pdf; al-Jazeera (2023)‘Israel-Palestine conflict: a brief history in maps and charts’, 27 November. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/27/palestine-and-israel-brief-history-maps-and-charts.
- 13انظر/ي: Ahmad (1984), op. cit., pp. 5, 13.
- 14المصدر السابق، ص ص 11-12.
- 15أنظر/ي: Jabbour, G. (1970) Settler Colonialism in Southern Africa and the Middle East. Beirut: Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- 16أنظر/ي: Schuessler, J. (2024) ‘A complex lens for a knotty world’, New York Times, 23 January, p. C1; Stephens, B. (2024) ‘A guide to settler colonialism’, New York Times, 27 February, p. A23; Powell, M. (2024) ‘The curious rise of settler colonialism and Turtle Island’, The Atlantic, 5 January. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/01/curious-rise-settler-colonialism-and-turtle-island/677005/
- 17أنظر/ي: Barsamian, D. (1993), op. cit., pp. 458-9.
- 18أنظر/ي: Ahmad, E. (1986)‘Comprehending terror’. MERIP Middle East Report, May–June, no. 140, p. 5; Leifer, J. (2023) ‘Toward a humane Left’, Dissent, 12 October. https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/toward-a-humane-left/
- 19أنظر/ي: Césaire, A. (1983) Cahier d’un Retour au Pays Natal. Paris: Présence Africaine, pp. 57-58.
- 20أنظر/ي: Ahmad, E. (1995) ‘The clash of civilizations: a critical analysis’. Strategic Studies, 18(1): 120-128, p. 27. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45182203; Ahmad et al. (1983), op. cit., p. 19.
- 21مقابلة هاتفية للمؤلف مع نوبار هوفسبيان، 15 يناير/كانون الثاني 2024، وانظر/ي: Ahmad et al. (1983), op. cit., pp. 20-22.
- 22أنظر/ي: Schaar (2015), op. cit., pp. 116-117; Barsamian, D. (1993), op. cit., pp. 461-2.
- 23أنظر/ي: Said, E.W. (2022) ‘An open letter to American-Jewish intellectuals’, Jewish Currents, 21 September. https://jewishcurrents.org/an-open-letter-to-american-jewish-intellectuals; Ahmad (2006), op. cit., p. 77; Schaar (2015), op. cit., p.119.
- 24انظر/ي: https://theintercept.com/2018/02/19/hamas-israel-palestine-conflict/
- 25أنظر/ي: Rose, D. (2008) ‘The Gaza bombshell’, Vanity Fair, April; Baconi, T. (2023a) ‘What was Hamas thinking?’, in S. Englert, M. Schatz, and R. Warren (Eds.), From the River to the Sea: Essays for a Free Palestine. London, New York & Paris: Verso; Muhammad Maqdsi, "Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) of Palestine," Journal of Palestine Studies (Vol. 22, no. 4, summer 1993).
- 26أنظر/ي: Daka, W. (2011) ‘Consciousness molded or the re-identification of torture’, in A. Baker and A. Matar (Eds.), Threat: Palestinian political prisoners in Israel. London: Pluto Press, pp. 235, 237; BDS (2005) ‘Palestinian civil society call for BDS,’ 9 July. https://bdsmovement.net/call
- 27أنظر/ي: Rabbani, M. (2021)‘A pivotal moment for the Palestinian national struggle’, al-Jazeera, 10 July. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/7/10/a-pivotal-moment-for-the-palestinian-national-struggle; Hawari, Y. (2021)‘Defying fragmentation and the significance of unity: a new Palestinian uprising’, al-Shabaka, 29 June. https://al-shabaka.org/commentaries/defying-fragmentation-and-the-significance-of-unity-a-new-palestinian-uprising/; Haddad, T. (2023) ‘The shifting dynamics of Palestinian resistance’, in Englert, Schatz, and Warren (2023), op. cit.
- 28أنظر/ي: Bishara, A. (2020) ‘Looking beyond the struggle for Palestinian statehood’. Middle East Report No. 294. https://merip.org/2020/06/looking-beyond-the-struggle-for-palestinian-statehood/
- 29أنظر/ي: Baconi, T. (2023a), op. cit.
- 30أنظر/ي: Honeycombe-Foster, M. (2024) ‘British MPs back bill banning Israel boycotts’, Politico, January 10. https://www.politico.eu/article/british-mps-back-bill-ban-israel-boycotts; Syal, R. and Adu, A. (2024) ‘UK ministers consider ban on MPs engaging with pro-Palestine and climate protesters’, Observer, March 3. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/03/ministers-consider-ban-mps-engaging-pro-palestine-climate-protesters.
- 31أنظر/ي: Herzog, I. (2023) ‘The President of Israel: this is not a battle just between Israel and Hamas’, New York Times, 3 November, p. A18; Beinart, P. (2022)‘Answering Said’s call’, Jewish Currents, 21 September. https://jewishcurrents.org/answering-saids-call; Hider, J. (2024)‘Israel rejects Hamas’ cease-fire plan after meeting with Blinken’, NPR, 7 February. https://www.npr.org/2024/02/07/1229823811/israel-hamas-war-netanyahu-rejects-hamas-ceasefire
- 32أنظر/ي: Baconi, T. (2023b) ‘An inevitable rupture: al-Aqsa flood and the end of partition’, al-Shabaka, 26 November. https://al-shabaka.org/commentaries/an-inevitable-rupture-al-aqsa-flood-and-the-end-of-partition/; ومقابلة المؤلف مع هوفسبيان.